What major change was introduced by the 16th Amendment during the Progressive Era?

The 16th Amendment, ratified in 1913, introduced the significant change of allowing the federal government to collect income tax. This amendment enabled Congress to levy a tax on individual earnings without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the U.S. Census. This was a pivotal shift during the Progressive Era, which aimed to address economic inequalities and improve government revenue. The income tax became a crucial tool for funding government programs and services, reflecting the progressive belief in using the federal government as an instrument for social reform and economic equity.

In contrast, other amendments from that period, such as those granting women the right to vote or prohibiting alcohol, were vital but served different purposes in the broader context of social change. The establishment of the direct election of senators, another progressive reform, was addressed by the 17th Amendment and also focused on increasing democratic participation. However, the unique aspect of the 16th Amendment directly impacted federal revenue and economic policy, marking a significant development in American fiscal policy during the Progressive Era.